def draw_tree(length, width=9):
    color = 'brown'
    if length < 1:
        return
    elif length < 3:
        color = 'green'

    if width < 1:
        width = 1

    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.width(width)
    turtle.forward(length)
    turtle.left(30)
    draw_tree(length / FACTOR, width - 1)
    turtle.right(60)
    draw_tree(length / FACTOR, width - 1)
    turtle.left(30)
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.width(width)
    turtle.backward(length) 

def run_instruction(t):
    if t.data == 'change_color':
        turtle.color(*t.children)   # We just pass the color names as-is

    elif t.data == 'movement':
        name, number = t.children
        { 'f': turtle.fd,
          'b': turtle.bk,
          'l': turtle.lt,
          'r': turtle.rt, }[name](int(number))

    elif t.data == 'repeat':
        count, block = t.children
        for i in range(int(count)):
            run_instruction(block)

    elif t.data == 'fill':
        turtle.begin_fill()
        run_instruction(t.children[0])
        turtle.end_fill()

    elif t.data == 'code_block':
        for cmd in t.children:
            run_instruction(cmd)
    else:
        raise SyntaxError('Unknown instruction: %s' % t.data) 

def body():
    '''
    身体
    '''
    t.color("red", (255, 99, 71))
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-20)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-78)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.seth(-130)
    t.circle(100, 10)
    t.circle(300, 30)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(230)
    t.seth(90)
    t.circle(300, 30)
    t.circle(100, 3)
    t.color((255, 155, 192), (255, 100, 100))
    t.seth(-135)
    t.circle(-80, 63)
    t.circle(-150, 24)
    t.end_fill() 

def tail():
    '''
    尾巴
    '''
    t.pensize(4)
    t.color((255, 155, 192))
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(70)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(95)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(0)
    t.circle(70, 20)
    t.circle(10, 330)
    t.circle(70, 30) 

def draw_pattern_rectangle(x, y, width, height, count, radius, color='red'):
    rotation = 360 / count

    turtle.goto(x, y)
    
    for _ in range(count):
        # move from center to circle
        turtle.pu()
        #turtle.color('black')
        turtle.forward(radius)
        turtle.right(90+rotation/2)
        
        draw_rectangle(width, height, color)

        # move from circle to center
        turtle.pu()
        #turtle.color('black')
        turtle.left(90+rotation/2)
        turtle.backward(radius)

        # rotate in circle
        turtle.right(rotation) 

def item(lenght, level, color):
    if level <= 0:
        return
    
    for _ in range(5):    # 5
        turtle.color(colors[color])
        turtle.forward(lenght)
        
        item(lenght/4, level-1, color+1)
        
        turtle.penup() # there is no need to draw again the same line  (and it can use differnt color)
        turtle.backward(lenght)
        turtle.pendown()
        
        turtle.right(360/8) # 8
    
    turtle.right(360/8 * 3) # 3 = 8 - 5 

def get_pixel_color(x, y):

    # canvas use different coordinates than turtle
    y = -y

    # get access to tkinter.Canvas
    canvas = turtle.getcanvas()
    
    # find IDs of all objects in rectangle (x, y, x, y)
    ids = canvas.find_overlapping(x, y, x, y)

    # if found objects
    if ids: 
        # get ID of last object (top most)
        index = ids[-1]
        
        # get its color
        color = canvas.itemcget(index, "fill")
        
        # if it has color then return it
        if color:
            return color

    # if there was no object then return "white" - background color in turtle
    return "white" # default color 

def writetext(text,color,x,y):
   for i in range(1,10):
      turtle.penup()
      turtle.setx(x)
      turtle.sety(y)
      turtle.pendown
   
   turtle.pencolor(color)
   turtle.write(text,move=True, font=("Arial",16,"normal")) 

def draw_snowflake(size):
    """ Draw a picture of a snowflake """
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(10 * size)
    turtle.left(45)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.color(generate_random_colour())

    # draw branch 8 times to make a snowflake
    for _ in range(8):
        draw_branch(size)
        turtle.forward(size)
        turtle.left(45)

    turtle.penup() 

def draw_circle(x, y, radius, red=50, green=255, blue=10, width=7):
    """ Draw a circle at a specific x, y location.
    Then draw four smaller circles recursively"""
    colour = (red, green, blue)

    # Recursively drawn smaller circles
    if radius > 50:
        # Calculate colours and line width for smaller circles
        if red < 216:
            red = red + 33
            green = green - 42
            blue = blue + 10
            width -= 1
        else:
            red = 0
            green = 255
        # Calculate the radius for the smaller circles
        new_radius = int(radius / 1.3)
        # Drawn four circles
        draw_circle(int(x + new_radius), y, new_radius, red, green, blue, width)
        draw_circle(x - new_radius, y, new_radius, red, green, blue, width)
        draw_circle(x, int(y + new_radius), new_radius, red, green, blue, width)
        draw_circle(x, int(y - new_radius), new_radius, red, green, blue, width)

    # Draw the original circle
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.color(colour)
    turtle.width(width)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.circle(radius)
    turtle.penup()


# Run the program 

def init_pen():
    '''
    初始化画笔的一些属性
    '''
    t.pensize(4)  # 设置画笔的大小
    t.colormode(255)  # 设置GBK颜色范围为0-255
    t.color((255, 155, 192), "pink")  # 设置画笔颜色和填充颜色(pink)
    t.setup(900, 500)  # 设置主窗口的大小为900*500
    t.speed(10)  # 设置画笔速度为10 

def head():
    '''
    头
    '''
    t.color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(41)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(0)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.seth(180)
    t.circle(300, -30)  # 顺时针画一个半径为300,圆心角为30°的园
    t.circle(100, -60)
    t.circle(80, -100)
    t.circle(150, -20)
    t.circle(60, -95)
    t.seth(161)
    t.circle(-300, 15)
    t.pu()
    t.goto(-100, 100)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-30)
    a = 0.4
    for i in range(60):
        if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
            a = a + 0.08
            t.lt(3)  # 向左转3度
            t.fd(a)  # 向前走a的步长
        else:
            a = a - 0.08
            t.lt(3)
            t.fd(a)
    t.end_fill() 

def ear():
    '''
    耳朵
    '''
    t.color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-7)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(70)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.seth(100)
    t.circle(-50, 50)
    t.circle(-10, 120)
    t.circle(-50, 54)
    t.end_fill()
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-12)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(30)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.seth(100)
    t.circle(-50, 50)
    t.circle(-10, 120)
    t.circle(-50, 56)
    t.end_fill() 

def mouth():
    '''
    嘴
    '''
    t.color(239, 69, 19)
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(15)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-100)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-80)
    t.circle(30, 40)
    t.circle(40, 80) 

def hand():
    '''
    手
    '''
    t.color((255, 155, 192))
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-40)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-27)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-160)
    t.circle(300, 15)
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(15)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(0)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-10)
    t.circle(-20, 90)
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(30)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(237)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-20)
    t.circle(-300, 15)
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(20)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(0)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-170)
    t.circle(20, 90) 

def foot():
    '''
    脚
    '''
    t.pensize(10)
    t.color((240, 128, 128))
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-75)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-180)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-90)
    t.fd(40)
    t.seth(-180)
    t.color("black")
    t.pensize(15)
    t.fd(20)
    t.pensize(10)
    t.color((240, 128, 128))
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(40)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(90)
    t.pd()
    t.seth(-90)
    t.fd(40)
    t.seth(-180)
    t.color("black")
    t.pensize(15)
    t.fd(20) 

def show_particles(self, particles, show_frequency = 10):

        turtle.shape('tri')

        for i, particle in enumerate(particles):
            if i % show_frequency == 0:
                turtle.setposition((particle.x, particle.y))
                turtle.setheading(90 - particle.heading)
                turtle.color(self.weight_to_color(particle.weight))
                turtle.stamp()
        
        turtle.update() 

def show_estimated_location(self, particles):
        '''
        Show average weighted mean location of the particles.
        '''

        x_accum = 0
        y_accum = 0
        heading_accum = 0
        weight_accum = 0

        num_particles = len(particles)

        for particle in particles:

            weight_accum += particle.weight
            x_accum += particle.x * particle.weight
            y_accum += particle.y * particle.weight
            heading_accum += particle.heading * particle.weight

        if weight_accum == 0:

            return False

        x_estimate = x_accum / weight_accum
        y_estimate = y_accum / weight_accum
        heading_estimate = heading_accum / weight_accum

        turtle.color('orange')
        turtle.setposition(x_estimate, y_estimate)
        turtle.setheading(90 - heading_estimate)
        turtle.shape('turtle')
        turtle.stamp()
        turtle.update() 

def show_robot(self, robot):

        turtle.color('green')
        turtle.shape('turtle')
        turtle.shapesize(0.7, 0.7)
        turtle.setposition((robot.x, robot.y))
        turtle.setheading(90 - robot.heading)
        turtle.stamp()
        turtle.update() 

def square(x, y, size, name):
    """Draw square at `(x, y)` with side length `size` and fill color `name`.

    The square is oriented so the bottom left corner is at (x, y).

    """
    import turtle
    turtle.up()
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.down()
    turtle.color(name)
    turtle.begin_fill()

    for count in range(4):
        turtle.forward(size)
        turtle.left(90)

    turtle.end_fill() 

def s(n, l):

    if n == 0: # stop conditions

        # draw filled rectangle

        turtle.color('black')
        turtle.begin_fill()
        for _ in range (4):
            turtle.forward(l)
            turtle.left(90)
        turtle.end_fill()

    else: # recursion

        # around center point create 8 smalles rectangles.
        # create two rectangles on every side 
        # so you have to repeat it four times

        for _ in range(4):
            # first rectangle
            s(n-1, l/3)    
            turtle.forward(l/3)

            # second rectangle
            s(n-1, l/3)    
            turtle.forward(l/3)

            # go to next corner
            turtle.forward(l/3)
            turtle.left(90)
            
        # update screen
        turtle.update()

# --- main ---    

# stop updating screen (to make it faster) 

def dragon(level=1, remove_plus_minus=False, width=5):

    a = 'FX'

    rule = {
        'X': 'X+YF+',
        'Y': '-FX-Y',
        '-': '-',
        '+': '+',
        'F': 'F',
    }

    for _ in range(level):
        a = ''.join(rule[x] for x in a)

    print('len:', len(a))

    a = a.replace('X', '').replace('Y','')
    print('len without X, Y:', len(a))
    
    if remove_plus_minus:
        a = a.replace('+-', '').replace('-+', '')
        print('len without -+, +-:', len(a))
            
    for x in a:
        if x == 'F':
            turtle.forward(width)
        elif x == '+':        
            turtle.right(90)
            turtle.color('red')
        elif x == '-':
            turtle.left(90)
            turtle.color('green')

    print('OK')
    
# --- main ---

# clear everything 

def draw_rectangle(width, height, color='red'):
    turtle.pd()
    turtle.color(color)

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(height)
        turtle.left(90) 

def draw_circle(radius, color='red'):
    turtle.pd()
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.circle(radius) 

def item(lenght, level, color):
    if level <= 0:
        return
    
    for _ in range(8):
        turtle.color(colors[color])
        turtle.forward(lenght)
        
        item(lenght/4, level-1, color+1)
        
        turtle.penup() # there is no need to draw again the same line (and it can use differnt color)
        turtle.backward(lenght)
        turtle.pendown()
        
        turtle.right(360/8) 

def draw_rect(x1, y1, width, height, color):
    # canvas use different coordinates than turtle
    y1 = -y1
    # get access to tkinter.Canvas
    canvas = turtle.getcanvas()
    # draw using tkinter.Canvas
    canvas.create_rectangle((x1, y1, x1+width, y1+height), fill=color, width=0) 

def hexagone(point, longueur,c):
   l = longueur

   x, y = point

   turtle.up()
   turtle.goto(point)
   turtle.color(c[0]) #black
   turtle.down()
   turtle.begin_fill() 
   turtle.goto(l * cos(4 / 3 * pi )+x, l * sin(4 / 3 * pi)+y)
   turtle.goto(l * cos(5 / 3 * pi)+x, l * sin(5 / 3 * pi)+y)
   turtle.goto(l * cos(0)+x, l * sin(0)+y) 
   turtle.goto(point) 
   turtle.end_fill()

   turtle.color(c[1])  #blue
   turtle.begin_fill()
   turtle.goto(l * cos(0)+x, l * sin(0)+y) 
   turtle.goto(l * cos(pi / 3)+x, l * sin(pi / 3)+y)
   turtle.goto(l * cos(pi * 2 / 3)+x, l * sin(pi * 2 / 3)+y)
   turtle.goto(point)  
   turtle.end_fill()

   turtle.color(c[2]) #red
   turtle.begin_fill()
   turtle.goto(l * cos(pi * 2 / 3)+x, l * sin(pi * 2 / 3)+y)
   turtle.goto(-l+x, 0+y)
   turtle.goto(l * cos(4 / 3 * pi)+x, l * sin(4 / 3 * pi)+y)
   turtle.goto(point)
   turtle.end_fill()
   turtle.up()

   return True 

def norse():
    '''
    鼻子
    '''
    t.pu()  # 提笔
    t.goto(-100, 100)  # 画笔前往坐标(-100,100)
    t.pd()  # 下笔
    t.seth(-30)  # 笔的角度为-30°
    t.begin_fill()  # 外形填充的开始标志
    a = 0.4
    for i in range(120):
        if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
            a = a + 0.08
            t.lt(3)  # 向左转3度
            t.fd(a)  # 向前走a的步长
        else:
            a = a - 0.08
            t.lt(3)
            t.fd(a)
    t.end_fill()  # 依据轮廓填充
    t.pu()  # 提笔
    t.seth(90)  # 笔的角度为90度
    t.fd(25)  # 向前移动25
    t.seth(0)  # 转换画笔的角度为0
    t.fd(10)
    t.pd()
    t.pencolor(255, 155, 192)  # 设置画笔颜色
    t.seth(10)
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(5)  # 画一个半径为5的圆
    t.color(160, 82, 45)  # 设置画笔和填充颜色
    t.end_fill()
    t.pu()
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(20)
    t.pd()
    t.pencolor(255, 155, 192)
    t.seth(10)
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(5)
    t.color(160, 82, 45)
    t.end_fill() 

def eye():
    '''
    眼睛
    '''
    t.color((255, 155, 192), "white")
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-20)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-95)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(15)
    t.end_fill()
    t.color("black")
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(12)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-3)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(3)
    t.end_fill()
    t.color((255, 155, 192), "white")
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(-25)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(40)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(15)
    t.end_fill()
    t.color("black")
    t.pu()
    t.seth(90)
    t.fd(12)
    t.seth(0)
    t.fd(-3)
    t.pd()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(3)
    t.end_fill()